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Table 6 Estimated RR s from rat exposure studies using BMDLs as the points of departure for linear extrapolation.

From: Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer: combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies

Study

BMDa(μg/m3)

BMDLb(μg/m3)

c

95% C.I.

Nikula et al. [31]

1289.730

936.256

1.426

0.95-1.90

Brightwell et al. [29]

963.542

716.572

1.246

0.83-1.67

Mauderly et al. [32]

1376.890

1183.880

1.576

0.84-2.31

  1. a BMD: benchmark dose (dose with a risk of 10%)
  2. b BMDL: 95% lower confidence limit of BMD
  3. c using the US 1997 24-hour fine particle standard of 65 μg/m3