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Table 4 LBW adjusted odds ratio and BW change for gestational exposure to internal dose THMs

From: Individual exposures to drinking water trihalomethanes, low birth weight and small for gestational age risk: a prospective Kaunas cohort study

THM exposure Tertile limits (mg/d)

LBW cases

Non LBW

Entire pregnancy ORa(95% CI)

First trimester OR (95% CI)

Second trimester OR (95% CI)

Third trimester OR (95% CI)

TTHM b

      

   0.0025-0.0386

40

1046

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   0.0386-0.3545

51

1099

1.77 (0.95-3.30)

1.94 (1.04-3.62)

1.71 (0.92-3.18)

2.31 (1.22-4.35)

   0.3545-2.4040

65

1040

2.13 (1.17-3.87)

2.29 (1.24-4.22)

2.06 (1.14-3.73)

2.12 (1.14-3.92)

Continuous (0.1 μg/d)

  

1.08 (1.01-1.16)

1.08 (1.01-1.16)

1.07 (1.00-1.15)

1.07 (1.00-1.15)

Change in BWc g

  

-49.3d (-146.3 - -1.5)

-45.7d (-91.4-0.0)

-45.3 (-92.8-2.2)

-47.2d (-92.7 - -1.6)

Chloroform

      

   0.0013-0.0249

40

1050

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   0.0249-0.2868

52

1093

2.06 (1.10-3.85)

2.30 (1.21-4.36)

1.79 (0.95-3.36)

2.12 (1.11-4.02)

   0.2868-2.1328

64

1042

2.17 (1.19-3.98)

2.41 (1.30-4.49)

2.13 (1.18-3.85)

2.13 (1.15-3.92)

Continuous (0.1 μg/d)

  

1.10 (1.01-1.19)

1.10 (1.02-1.18)

1.10 (1.01-1.18)

1.09 (1.01-1.18)

Change in BWc g

  

-59.3d (-114.8 - -3.7)

-52.8d (-104.4 - -1.2)

-53.4 (-108.2-1.3)

-57.8d (-111.6 - -4.0)

CHBrCl2

      

   0.0001-0.0124

45

1046

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   0.0124-0.0501

53

1093

1.83 (1.01-3.34)

1.93 (1.05-3.55)

1.95 (1.07-3.58)

1.64 (0.89-3.02)

   0.0501-0.3359

58

1046

1.64 (0.90-2.98)

2.06 (1.11-3.80)

1.82 (0.99-3.35)

1.80 (1.00-3.26)

Continuous (0.01 μg/d)

  

1.05 (1.00-1.11)

1.05 (1.00-1.11)

1.05 (0.99-1.11)

1.04 (1.00-1.10)

Change in BWe g

  

-28.2 (-63.2-6.9)

-29.7 (-67.5-8.0)

-27.7 (-63.2-7.7)

-25.7 (-57.2-5.8)

CHBr2Cl

      

   0.0000-0.0000

57

1058

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   0.0000-0.0039

49

1075

3.02 (1.23-7.40)

0.62 (0.28-1.37)

0.68 (0.31-1.46)

2.44 (1.05-5.70)

   0.0039-0.0644

50

1052

2.52 (1.00-6.36)

0.74 (0.37-1.49)

0.78 (0.36-1.67)

2.42 (1.03-5.66)

Continuous (0.01 μg/d)

  

1.18 (0.85-1.65)

1.06 (0.73-1.54)

1.16 (0.84-1.61)

1.23 (0.93-1.61)

Change in BWe g

  

-24.3 (-215.7-167.2)

15.5 (-197.0-228.1)

-18.8 (-203.3-165.7)

-45.9 (-207.6-114.8)

  1. aadjusted for squared gestational age, marital status, maternal education, chronic diseases, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, previous preterm delivery, infant gender, and birth year.
  2. bTTHM, total trihalomethane; CHBrCl2, bromodichloromethane; CHBr2Cl, dibromochloromethane.
  3. cChange in birth weight in grams, of infants below 3,500 g, for every 1 μg/d increase in THMs internal dose.
  4. dp < 0.05.
  5. eChange in birth weight in grams, of infants below 3,500 g, for every 0.1 μg/d increase in THMs internal dose.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X