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Table 1 Sample characteristics by early biological risk

From: Environmental noise exposure, early biological risk and mental health in nine to ten year old children: a cross-sectional field study

 

Not at risk n = 1704

At risk n = 196

p*

Country (%)

   

   UK

40.3

49.5

 

   Netherlands

30.2

22.4

 

   Spain

29.6

28.1

.026

Gender (%)

   

   Male

48.2

38.3

 

   Female

51.8

61.7

.008

Age in days

   

   Mean (SD)

3844.5 (180.4)

3858.8 (192.5)

.298

Employment status (%)

   

   Unemployed

13.0

20.9

 

   Employed

87.0

79.1

.002

Crowding at (%)

   

   Not crowded

79.5

83.7

 

   Crowded

20.5

16.3

.169

Home ownership (%)

   

   Not owned

24.6

31.6

 

   Owned

75.4

68.4

.032

Mother's educational achievement

   

   Mean (SD)

0.49 (0.28)

0.51 (0.30)

.260

Long-standing illness (%)

   

   No

76.0

73.0

 

   Yes

24.0

27.0

.348

Main language spoken at home (%)

   

   No

8.7

10.7

 

   Yes

91.3

89.3

.345

Parental support scale

   

   Mean (SD)

10.0 (2.0)

10.3 (1.8)

.129

Classroom glazing type (%)

   

   Single

50.4

55.6

 

   Double (or both single and double)

46.4

44.4

 

   Triple

3.2

0.0

.024

  1. *p represents significance value for χ2 test or t-test depending on nature of data.