Table 7 The history and consequences toxic events of dinoflagellate DSP toxin seafood poisoning within the UK from 1997-2009
Year | Event | Reference |
|---|---|---|
1997 | 49 patients showed symptoms 30 minutes after consuming mussels in two London restaurants. | [28] |
1999 | Voluntary closure and warning signs for the general public was undertaken in Holly Island, Northumberland for 6 weeks as Pacific Oyster retuned a positive DSP result. | [49] |
2000 | TPO was induced from early February to March on the Northern side of the Solent, as Oysters returned positive results. | [56] |
2000 | Toxins detected in mussels from Cornwall, cockles from southeast England and from south Wales, led to harvesting restrictions. | [68] |
2000 | DSP was detected in England and Wales, with large scale closures (TPO and VCA) with the Solent shellfisheries from June - November, and the Thames shellfisheries from July - September. | [56] |
2000 | In July, toxins detected in Fleet Lagoon, Dorset. Harvesting was closed until 4th September. Species responsible: Prorocentrum lima. | [30] |
2000 | DSP affected a large number of areas in Scotland. East coast between July-September. Orkney between July-August. 10 sites within Shetlands between July-October. Outer Hebrides in May, and July-October, and 28 locations in Clyde between May -December. Long term closures of shellfish farming in Scotland lasted up to 24 weeks. | [69] |
2000-2001 | Camel Estuary, Devon was closed from August until February as mussels returned positive DSP results. | [56] |
2000-2001 | Toxins detected in mussels and scallops and re-appeared at several sites throughout the year. Restrictions on harvesting at affected sites. | [68] |
2001 | DSP was detected in The Thames from June-September, and Blyth Northumberland in July, leading to TPO and VCA within shellfisheries. | [57] |
2001 | The Wash shellfisheries were subjected to closures over winter as DSP was detected in Cockles. | [57] |
2001-2002 | Cockles from Burry Inlet, Wales produced positive DSP results from June 2001 to March 2002. Leading to a long term closures of shellfisheries. | [57] |
2001 | Toxins found in scallops in the sea adjacent to Northern Ireland. Led to a ban on scallop fishing. | [66] |
2002-2003 | Burry Inlet, Thames Estuary and The Wash was subjected to harvest closures every month except May and November for Burry Inlet, September for the Thames, and September, October and February for the Wash. | [58] |
2002 | DSP toxins were detected throughout Scotland, where VCAs were placed in several regions. Majority of cases closures lasted for periods of four to six weeks, but some closures lasted up to seven months. | [67] |
2005 | DSP were detected in three areas, East of Ajax, Plymouth, The Wash, and Clamerkin Creek, Newtown. All were subject to temporary harvesting restrictions. | [60] |
2006-2007 | Toxins were detected in three regions in Cornwall, which led to temporary harvest restriction. | [61] |
2007-2008 | Toxins detected in Southampton Water, Fal River: Cornwall, Salcombe, Devon, which led to closed to temporary harvesting restrictions. | [62] |
2008 | Shetland Islands were affected by a large outbreak, closing 13 areas from April-October 2008. | [70] |
2008-2009 | Seven regions in Argyll and Bute, Scotland suffered temporary closures. With the West Loch Tarbert being closed from April 2008-Feburary 2009. | [70] |