Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes: a cross-sectional study in the Zimapán and Lagunera regions in Mexico

Table 3 Association of diabetes^a with exposure to iAs in drinking water and iAs metabolites in urine, adjusted for age, sex, obesity and hypertension

Exposure to iAs in Water	OR^b	95% CI		p^c
iAs, current concentration	1.13	1.05	1.22	< 0.01
iAs, cumulative exposure 1993-2008	1.03	0.77	1.39	0.83
iAs, cumulative exposure, 2003-2007	3.57	0.90	14.19	0.07
iAs, cumulative exposure, 1998-2002	0.98	0.41	2.37	0.97
iAs, cumulative exposure, 1993-1997	0.88	0.52	1.48	0.61
*Metabolites of iAs in Urine*
tAs	1.12	0.78	1.62	0.54
iAs^III	0.94	0.61	1.46	0.79
MAs^III	1.24	0.60	2.54	0.35
DMAs^III	1.24	1.00	1.55	0.05
iAs^V	1.06	0.94	1.18	0.35
MAs^V	0.92	0.58	1.43	0.70
DMAs^V	0.97	0.66	1.46	0.87
DMAs/MAs ratio	1.38	0.90	2.13	0.13
MAs/iAs ratio	1.02	0.92	1.13	0.72

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
^a Diabetes classified by either fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL, self-report of doctor diagnosis or use of anti-diabetic medication.
^b Units of OR and CI are 10 ppb for iAs concentration and ppm.years for cumulative iAs exposure. ORs for iAs metabolites are standardized to an increment of one inter-quartile range.
^c p-value for comparison of cases to individuals free of diabetes.

ISSN: 1476-069X