Table 2 Effect modification of the effect (excess risk per 10 μg/m 3 ) of PM 2.5 on cardiovascular mortality
From: Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
Subgroup | ACS [[18]]a | NLCS [[23]] | Harvard six city [[43]] | Nurses health [[24]] | WHI [[22]] | AHSMOG [[40]] | AHSMOG [[41]] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Men | 5 (0, 11) | 3 (−5, 12)b | 33 (8, 63)a | NA | NA | 4 (−3,11) | −10 (−−24, 5) |
Women | 6 (0, 12) | 7 (0, 14) | 20 (−6, 53) |  |  | −3 (−9, 2) | 42 (6, 90) |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Never | 6 (1, 12) | 13 (−4, 32) | 36 (2, 82) | 83 (20, 179) | 18 (−1, 40) | NA | NA |
Former | 5 (0, 11) | −4 (−17, 13) | 29 (−3, 72) | 22 (−18, 83) | 21 (1, 52) |  |  |
Current | 4 (−2, 11) | 3 (−10, 19) | 35 (94, 74) | −12 (−48, 48) | 68 (6, 166) |  |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 11 (6, 18) | 20 (−10, 70)a | 45 (13, 85) |  | 40 (11, 75) | NA | NA |
Medium | 6 (1, 13) | 2 (−16, 24) | 30 (−2,73) |  | 33 (14, 55) |  |  |
High | 1 (−3, 6) | −10 (−35, 20) | −3 (−29, 34) |  | 11 (−6, 31) |  |  |
Body mass index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non-Obese | NA | NA | NA | 8 (−24, 52) | −1 (−10, 29)c | NA | NA |
Obese | Â | Â | Â | 99 (23, 222) | 35 (12, 64)c | Â | Â |