Table 4 Summary of cohort studies on NO 2 and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases (excess risk per 10 μg/m 3 )
From: Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
Study name | Study population | Follow-up period | Pollutant | Conca(μg/m3) | Spatial scaleb | % change in risk (95% CI) in mortality per 10 μg/m3 | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | All causes | Cardiovascular | Â |
Oslo cohort | 16,209 men in Oslo, Norway | 1972 – 1998 | NOx | 11 (1 – 168) | Address (DISP) | 8 (6,11) | NA | [68] |
Netherlands Cohort Study | 120, 852 subjects from Netherlands | 1987 -1996 | NO2 | 37 (15–67) | Address (LUR) | 8 (0, 16) | 7 (−6, 21) | [23] |
German cohort | 4752 women in Ruhr and surrounding area | 1985 – 2003 | NO2 | 39 (20 – 60) | Address (near) | 11 (1,21) | 36 (14, 63) | [20] |
German cohort | 4752 women in Ruhr and surrounding area | 1985 – 2008 | NO2 | 39 (20 – 60) | Address (near) | 11 (4,18) | 32 (18, 47) | [21] |
PAARC | 14,284 adults in 24 French areas | 1974 – 1998 | NO2 | 20 (12 – 32) | Address (near) | 14 (3, 25) | 27 (4, 56) | [42] |
China nat. hypertension survey | 70,497 men and women | 1991 - 2000 | NOx | 50 (20 – 122) | City | 2 (0, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | [31] |
Vancouver cohort | 452,735 Vancouver residents aged 45–85 yr | 1999 – 2002 | NO2 | 32 (15 – 58) | Address (LUR) | NA | 5 (1, 9) | [30] |
DCH | 52,061 adults in Copenhagen and Arhus | 1993 - 2009 | NO2 | 17 (11 – 60) | Address (DISP) | 8 (2, 13) | 15 (3,27) | [69] |
US trucking industry cohort | 53,814 men in the US trucking industry | 1985 -2000 | NO2 | 28 (14) | Address (LUR) | 5 (3, 7) | 4 (0, 8) | [32] |
Chinese retrospective cohort study | 9,941 adults from five districts of Shenyang city | 1998 -2009 | NO2 | 46 (18–78) | District (mean) | 145 (134, 158) | 146 (131, 163) | [33] |
Rome longitudinal study | 684,000 adults from Rome | 2001 - 2006 | NO2 | 45 (11) | Address (LUR) | 4 (3, 5) | NA | [56] |
California Teachers study | 101,784 female teachers | 1997 -2005 | NO2 | 67 (10 – 134) | Address (Inter) | −3 (−9, 4) | −2 (−12, 9) | [36] |
Shizuoka elderly cohort | 13,444 adults > 65 yr | 1999 - 2006 | NO2 | 25 (−19, 75) | Address (LUR) | 2 (−4, 8) | 15 (3, 28) | [70] |
Ontario tax cohort | 205, 440 adults in Toronto, Hamilton,Windsor | 1982 – 2004 | NO2 | 43 (8), 31 (6), 24 (5)c | Address (LUR) | NA | 8 (5, 11) | [71] |
Rome longitudinal study | 1,265,058 adults from Rome | 2001 - 2010 | NO2 | 44 (13–75) | Address (LUR) | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | [38] |