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Table 4 Quantitative evaluation on interspecies differences using only animal data

From: Dispelling urban myths about default uncertainty factors in chemical risk assessment – sufficient protection against mixture effects?

Substances dataset

Dose metric

Species

Results

Reference

190 chemicals

TD50

Mouse and rat

Median TD50Mouse/TD50Rat ratio = 2.4

[70]

   

20% of ratios exceeded 10

 

69 pesticides

NOAEL

Mouse, rat and dog

NOAELRat /NOAELDog : 1.58 (0.99-2.24)

[71]

   

NOAELMouse /NOAELRat : 3.87 (2.24-6.32)

 
   

NOAELMouse /NOAELDog : 7.07 (3.53-13.42)

 

Binary interspecies comparisons from dozens to over 500 agents

Mostly LC50

Aquatic species

Orders-within-Classes Extrapolation

[72]

   

Weighted mean of uncertainty factor (UF) prediction interval (PI): 26 (95% PI), 35 (99% PI)

 
   

Upper 95% UFs: 65 (95% PI), 88 (99% PI)

 

184 substances

NOAEL

Mouse, rat, dog

NOAELRat /NOAELDog : 1.3 (P95 =18.8)

[49]

   

NOAELMouse /NOAELRat : 4.2 (P95 = 73.9)

 
   

NOAELMouse / NOAELDog : 6.4 (P95 = 124.6)

 

198 substances

NOAEL

Mouse, rat, dog

NOAELRat /NOAELDog : 2.3 (P95 =27)

[73]

   

NOAELMouse /NOAELRat : 3.2 (P95 = 37)

 
   

NOAELMouse /NOAELDog : 5.9 (P95 = 50)

 

217 substances

LD50

Mouse, hamster, guinea pig, rat, cat, rabbit, monkey dog

LD50Mouse/LD50Rat= 0.86 (P95 = 2.52)

 
   

LD50Hamster/LD50Rat= 1.2 (P95 = 1.33)

 
   

LD50Guinea pig/LD50Rat= 0.71

 
   

(P95 = 2.96)

[68]

   

LD50Cat/LD50Rat= 0.31 (P95 = 1.47)

 
   

LD50Rabbit/LD50Rat= 0.76 (P95 = 2.46)

 
   

LD50Monkey/LD50Rat= 0.63 (P95 = 0.88)

 
   

LD50Dog/LD50Rat= 0.82 (P95 = 4.87)

 

216 pesticides

NOAEL

Mouse, rat, dog

NOAELMouse/NOAELRat = 2.22 (P95 = 24.2)

NOAELRat/NOAELDog = 1.70 (P95 = 16.6)

[68]

   

NOAELMouse/NOAELDog = 6.00 (P95 = 44.8)

 

58 compounds

NOAEL and Critical Effect Dose (CED)

Mouse, rat

NOAELMouse/NOAELRat : P95 = 15.5; GSD = 3.4

[74]

   

CEDMouse /CEDRat : P95 = 5.6

 
   

Default value of 10 corresponds to 49th percentile and 71st percentile of mouse to human and rat to human distributions respectively