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Table 3 Effect a modification by city characteristics evaluated at the 25th and 75th percentile of the effect modifier distribution

From: A time series study on the effects of heat on mortality and evaluation of heterogeneity into European and Eastern-Southern Mediterranean cities: results of EU CIRCE project

 

25th percentile

75th percentile

Statistical significance

Effect modifierb

value

% change

90% CI

value

% change

90% CI

p-value

Between-city variance explained (%)

Longitude (degrees minutes seconds)

E 2°9'32''

4.9

3.1 - 6.7

E 23°39'10''

3.2

1.5 - 4.9

0.180

10.4

Minimum Tappmax (°C)

19.1

4.8

3.2 - 6.4

22.8

3.2

1.6 - 4.9

0.157

20.3

Maximum Tappmax (°C)

40.5

5.0

3.6 - 6.3

46.8

2.9

1.6 - 4.3

0.034

45.7

Mean Tappmax (°C)

29.8

4.8

3.5 - 6.2

34.5

2.6

1.0 - 4.3

0.047

36.0

Standard deviation of Tappmax (°C)

6.5

3.4

2.0 - 4.8

6.8

3.3

1.9 - 4.8

0.095

23.6

Mean of mean temperature (°C)

22.8

4.9

3.1 - 6.7

25.3

3.8

2.4 - 5.1

0.185

13.3

Standard deviation of relative humidity (%)

7.6

2.6

0.9 - 4.3

10.8

4.9

3.5 - 6.3

0.053

32.7

Health expenditure (% of GDP)

7.2

3.7

2.3 - 5.1

8.2

4.6

3.1 - 6.1

0.180

13.0

Unemployment (% of total labor force)

9.3

4.2

2.9 - 5.5

10.5

3.7

2.3 - 5.1

0.150

17.1

  1. a Effect estimates expressed as percentage change in all causes mortality for 1°C increase above Tappmax threshold.
  2. b Climate variables are calculated over the summer season (April-September).