Association between wheeze and selected air pollution sources in an air pollution priority area in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Prevalence of wheeze ever amongst the participants (Tembisa and Kempton Park combined) along with crude and adjusted odd ratios

Variable	Total^a	Prevalence (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)^b	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^b,c	p
Sex of child
Female	1790	35.1	1		1
Male	1634	27.7	0.7 (0.61-0.81)	0.000	0.69 (0.58-0.82)	0.000
Residential area
Kempton Park	1117	37.1	1		1
Tembisa	2301	28.9	0.69 (0.59-0.80)	0.000	0.62 (0.51-0.76)	0.000
Vigorous physical activity per week
Never or occasionally	984	23.3	1		1
Once or twice per week	1417	35.9	1.84 (1.53-2.22)	0.000	1.66 (1.34-2.07)	0.000
Three or more times a week	983	33.8	1.68 (1.37-2.05)	0.000	1.39 (1.10-1.77)	0.006
Residential heating fuel type most frequently used
Electricity	2041	30.0	1		1
Gas	426	39.2	1.50 (1.21-1.86)	0.000	1.47 (1.15-1.88)	0.002
Paraffin	631	31.8	1.06 (0.88-1.29)	0.508	0.06 (0.83-1.37)	0.597
Open fires (wood, coal)	270	33.3	1.16 (0.89-1.52)	0.261	1.16 (0.83-1.62)	0.360
Frequency of trucks passing near homes on weekdays
Never	563	28.2	1		1
Seldom	1033	33.3	1.26 (1.01-1.58)	0.038	1.10 (0.84-1.44)	0.351
Frequently through the day	580	28.4	1.01 (0.78-1.30)	0.938	0.89 (0.65-1.23)	0.539
Almost all day	1212	33.5	1.27 (1.02-1.59)	0.020	1.32 (1.01-1.73)	0.035
ETS exposure at school in the past 30 days
No	1452	29.0	1		1
Yes	1177	34.5	1.20 (0.08-1.50)	0.004	1.22 (1.03-1.45)	0.020

^aTotals for each risk factor are different due to difference in missing value.
^bValues that are statistically significant at less than 0.02 for the crude OR and less than 0.05 for the adjusted OR are in bold font.
^cModel adjusted for all the variables in this table.

ISSN: 1476-069X