Skip to main content

Table 2 Effects of Race/Ethnicity, SES and Fused PM 2.5 on adverse birth outcomes a

From: Assessing the impact of race, social factors and air pollution on birth outcomes: a population-based study

 

Birth weight

LBW

SGA

PTB

 

Change in grams (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

% Race/ethnicity

  NHW

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  NHB

−187.5 (−191.4, −183.6)

2.13 (2.05, 2.22)

2.18 (2.12, 2.24)

1.46 (1.42, 1.50)

  Hispanic

−46.8 (−51.7, −41.9)

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

1.21 (1.17, 1.26)

0.78 (0.75, 0.81)

% Maternal education (years)

  <9

−28.3 (−35.1, −21.5)

1.17 (1.08, 1.26)

1.14 (1.09, 1.20)

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

  9-11

−33.1 (−37.7, −28.5)

1.19 (1.14, 1.25)

1.15 (1.12, 1.19)

1.08 (1.05, 1.12)

  12

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  13-15

18.5 (14.5, 22.5)

0.82 (0.79, 0.86)

0.85 (0.82, 0.87)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

  >15

31.6 (27.2, 36.0)

0.72 (0.68, 0.75)

0.72 (0.69, 0.75)

0.78 (0.75, 0.80)

% Household median income

  Low

−7.5 (−12.5, −2.5)

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

1.04 (1.00, 1.07)

1.01 (0.98, 1.04)

  Moderate

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  High

11.4 (6.4, 15.8)

0.92 (0.88, 0.95)

0.93 (0.90, 0.96)

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)

  PM2.5 per IQR increase

−3.13 (−3.34, −2.93)

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

  1. aAdditional covaraites include gestational age (weeks), maternal age, trimester prenatal care began, tobacco use during pregnancy, marital status, year of birth, parity, and infant sex.