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Table 3 Daily mouthing habits in children

From: Migration protocol to estimate metal exposure from mouthing copper and tin alloy objects

Age group (months)

Estimated mean daily mouthing time for “other objects” (minute: second)

 

Norris & Smith[22]

Groot et al.*[23]

Greene**[21]

Juberg et al.[24]

1-3

05:14

09:00

3-6

12:29

03:00

22:30

09:00

6-9

24:30

09:00

22:30

09:00

9-12

16:25

09:00

22:30

09:00

12-15

12:02

07:00

21:00

09:00

15-18

23:01

07:00

21:00

09:00

18-21

19:49

02:00

21:00

02:00

21-24

12:53

02:00

21:00

02:00

24-36

21:46

02:00

18:42

02:00

36-48

15:16

48-60

10:44

60-72

10:00

  1. *Values were extracted from Figure 1 of Steenbekkers[25] where the original study data (Groot et al.[23]) was analyzed.
  2. **Reported values of minutes per hour were transformed to daily mouthing time, multiplying the hour based time by the number of hours awaken of the children in each age group: 3–12 month - 9 hours awake, 12–24 month - 10 hours awake, and 24–36 month - 11 hours awake (taken from Norris B. & S. Smith,[22]).