Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by variable groups and area of residence
Groups | Variables | Categories | Rural | Urban | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | n | % | n | % |
Socioeconomic Status of the household | Father’s A education | <6 years | 2512 | 58.5% | 513 | 20.4% |
6-11 years | 1395 | 32.5% | 1268 | 50.5% | ||
>11Â years | 388 | 9.0% | 729 | 29.0% | ||
Mother’s A education | <6 years | 2444 | 56.9% | 502 | 20.0% | |
6-11 years | 1498 | 34.9% | 1296 | 51.6% | ||
>11Â years | 353 | 8.2% | 712 | 28.4% | ||
Father’s employment | Farm worker | 3356 | 78.1% | 433 | 17.3% | |
Employee | 459 | 10.7% | 1223 | 48.7% | ||
Trader | 323 | 7.5% | 507 | 20.2% | ||
Professional | 157 | 3.7% | 347 | 13.8% | ||
Mother’s employment | House wife | 2880 | 67.1% | 1254 | 50.0% | |
Farm worker | 610 | 14.2% | 21 | 0.8% | ||
Employee | 450 | 10.5% | 735 | 29.3% | ||
Trader | 195 | 4.5% | 313 | 12.5% | ||
Professional | 160 | 3.7% | 187 | 7.5% | ||
Household income B | ≤$170 | 3523 | 82.0% | 1077 | 42.9% | |
$171-$340 | 627 | 14.6% | 913 | 36.4% | ||
>$340 | 145 | 3.4% | 520 | 20.7% | ||
Characteristics of the child’s home | Basic Services | 0-1 Services | 4044 | 94.2% | 210 | 8.4% |
2-3 Services | 251 | 5.8% | 2300 | 91.6% | ||
Source of drinking water | River/well | 3052 | 71.1% | 14 | 0.6% | |
Piped | 977 | 22.7% | 185 | 7.4% | ||
Potable | 266 | 6.2% | 2311 | 92.1% | ||
House construction materials | Wood/Bamboo | 2892 | 67.3% | 710 | 28.3% | |
Concrete/others | 725 | 16.9% | 638 | 25.4% | ||
Concrete | 678 | 15.8% | 1162 | 46.3% | ||
Bathroom | Field | 1553 | 36.2% | 97 | 3.9% | |
Latrine | 2742 | 63.8% | 671 | 26.7% | ||
Toilet | 0 | 0% | 1742 | 69.4% | ||
Electrical appliances | 0-2 appliances | 2465 | 57.4% | 417 | 16.6% | |
3 appliances | 1030 | 24.0% | 943 | 37.6% | ||
4 appliances | 800 | 18.6% | 1150 | 45.8% | ||
Cooking fuel | Only gas | 3074 | 71.6% | 2355 | 93.8% | |
Gas/wood/charcoal | 1221 | 28.4% | 155 | 6.2% | ||
Sedentary characteristics of the child | Nutritional StatusC | Normal weight | 3786 | 88.1% | 2069 | 82.4% |
Overweight | 509 | 11.9% | 441 | 17.6% | ||
Fizzy drink consumption | Sometimes | 938 | 21.9% | 843 | 33.7% | |
1-4 times/ week | 2476 | 57.8% | 1293 | 51.7% | ||
>4 times/week | 871 | 20.3% | 364 | 14.6% | ||
Hamburger consumption | Never | 3211 | 74.9% | 968 | 38.8% | |
Sometimes | 718 | 16.7% | 881 | 35.3% | ||
1 in a month | 359 | 8.4% | 649 | 26% | ||
Vigorous exercise | Daily | 3197 | 74.7% | 1862 | 74.2% | |
1-3 times/week | 970 | 22.7% | 603 | 24% | ||
Sometimes | 57 | 1.3% | 17 | 0.7% | ||
Barely | 55 | 1.3% | 27 | 1.1% | ||
TV viewing | <1Â hours daily | 1136 | 26.4% | 242 | 9.6% | |
1-3 hours daily | 2459 | 57.3% | 1670 | 66.5% | ||
> = 4 hours daily | 700 | 16.3% | 598 | 23.8% | ||
Groups | Variables | Categories | Rural | Urban | ||
n | % | n | % | |||
Agriculture activities of the household | Farm activities | No | 851 | 19.8% | 2071 | 82.5% |
Yes | 3444 | 80.2% | 439 | 17.5% | ||
Contact with animals in farms | No | 2981 | 69.4% | 2294 | 91.4% | |
Yes | 1314 | 30.6% | 216 | 8.6% | ||
Pigs breeding around home | No | 2203 | 51.4% | 2104 | 83.8% | |
Yes | 2086 | 48.6% | 406 | 16.2% | ||
Chicken breeding around home | No | 644 | 15.0% | 954 | 38.0% | |
Yes | 3648 | 85.0% | 1554 | 62.0% | ||
Other farm animals around home | No | 2523 | 58.8% | 1789 | 71.3% | |
Yes | 1768 | 41.2% | 719 | 28.7% | ||
Others asthma risk factors | Sex | Male | 2206 | 51.4% | 1321 | 52.7% |
Female | 2089 | 48.6% | 1187 | 47.3% | ||
Age | <11Â years | 2224 | 51.8% | 1689 | 67.3% | |
≥11 years | 2071 | 48.2% | 821 | 32.7% | ||
Maternal asthma | No | 3223 | 79.1% | 1919 | 81.4% | |
Yes | 854 | 20.9% | 439 | 18.6% | ||
Matrenal smoking during pregnancy | No | 3720 | 88.2% | 2300 | 94.2% | |
Yes | 499 | 11.6% | 142 | 5.8% | ||
Environmental tobacco smokeD | No | 2297 | 53.7% | 1600 | 63.8% | |
Yes | 1981 | 46.3% | 909 | 36.2% | ||
Household overcrowdingE | ≤3 | 2670 | 62.2% | 1578 | 62.9% | |
| Â | Â | >3 | 1625 | 37.8% | 932 | 37.1% |