Characteristic | Controls | Cases | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
N = 3,695 | N = 533 | ||
Sex of infant | |||
Female | 1,828 (49.5) | 251 (47.3) | 0.34 |
Male | 1,867 (50.5) | 280 (52.7) | |
Maternal race/ethnicity | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 1,344 (36.5) | 191 (36.0) | <0.01 |
Non-Hispanic black | 430 (11.7) | 54 (10.2) | |
Hispanic | 1,773 (48.1) | 280 (52.8) | |
Other | 138 (3.7) | 5 (0.9) | |
Maternal birthplace | |||
United States | 2,592 (70.4) | 355 (67.4) | 0.05 |
Mexico | 785 (21.3) | 145 (27.5) | |
Other | 306 (8.3) | 27 (5.1) | |
Maternal age (years) | |||
<20 | 501 (13.6) | 76 (14.3) | 0.32 |
20-24 | 1,099 (29.7) | 158 (29.6) | |
25-29 | 966 (26.1) | 141 (26.5) | |
30-34 | 754 (20.4) | 119 (22.3) | |
35-39 | 323 (8.7) | 31 (5.8) | |
≥40 | 52 (1.4) | 8 (1.5) | |
Maternal education | |||
<High school | 1,155 (31.7) | 188 (36.4) | 0.06 |
High school | 1,195 (32.8) | 169 (32.7) | |
>High school | 1,292 (35.5) | 160 (30.9) | |
Parity | |||
0 | 1,314 (36.9) | 190 (37.7) | 0.79 |
1 | 1,170 (32.9) | 157 (31.2) | |
2 | 679 (19.1) | 95 (18.8) | |
≥3 | 396 (11.1) | 62 (12.3) | |
Maternal smoking | |||
No | 3,447 (93.9) | 505 (95.5) | 0.15 |
Yes | 225 (6.1) | 24 (4.5) | |
Census tract poverty level | |||
Low | 922 (25.0) | 100 (18.8) | 0.02 |
Medium-low | 925 (25.0) | 144 (27.0) | |
Medium-high | 925 (25.0) | 137 (25.7) | |
High | 925 (25.0) | 152 (28.5) | |
Season of conception | |||
Spring | 807 (24.0) | 106 (22.5) | 0.45 |
Summer | 798 (23.7) | 127 (27.0) | |
Fall | 876 (26.0) | 122 (25.9) | |
Winter | 887 (26.3) | 116 (24.6) |