Table 2 Summary of near-highway health effects studies
Citation | Location | Highway traffic intensitya | Pollutants measuredb | Distance from highway | Health Outcomes | Statistical associatione |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schwartz et al. 2005 (22) | Boston | NA | PM2.5, BC, CO | NA | Heart rate variability | Decreases in measures of heart rate variability |
Adar et al. 2007 (23) | St. Louis, Missouri | NA | PM2.5, BC, UFP | On highway in busses | Heart rate variability | Decreases in measures of heart rate variability |
Hoek et al. 2002 (24) | Netherlands | NA | BC, NO2 | Continuous d | Cardio-pulmonary mortality, lung cancer | 1.41 OR for living near road |
Tonne et al. 2007 (41) | Worchester, Mass. | NA | PM2.5 | Continuous d | Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) | 5% increase in odds of AMI |
Venn et al. 2001 (49) | Nottingham, UK | NA | NA | Continuous d | Wheezing in children | 1.08 OR for living w/in 150 m of road |
Nicolai et al. 2003 (58) | Munich, Germany | >30,000 veh/d | Soot, benzene, NO2 | Traffic counts within 50 m of house | Asthma, respiratory symptoms, allergy | 1.79 OR for asthma and high traffic volume |
Gauderman et al. 2005 (65) | Southern California | Â | NO2 | Continuous d | Asthma, respiratory symptoms | Increased asthma closer to freeways |
McConnell et al. 2006 (57) | Southern California | NA | NA | Continuous d | Asthma | Large risk for children living w/in 75 m of road |
Ryan, et al. 2007 (59) | Cincinnati, Ohio | > 1,000 trucks/d | PM2.5 | 400 m | Wheezing in children | NA |
Kim et al. 2004 (60) | San Francisco | 90,000 – 210,000 veh/d | PM, BC, NOx | School sites | Childhood asthma | 1.07 OR for high levels of NOx |
Wjst et al. 1993 (68) | Munich, Germany | 7,000–125,000 veh/d | NOx, CO | School sites | Asthma, bronchitis | Several statistical associations found |
Brunekreef et al. 1997 (69) | Netherlands | 80,000 – 152,000 veh/d | PM10, NO2 | Continuousd | Lung function | Decreased FEV with proximity to high truck traffic |
Janssen et al. 2003 (74) | Netherlands | 30,000–155,000 veh/d | PM2.5, NO2, benzene | < 400 m c | Lung function, respiratory symptoms | No association with lung function |
Peters et al. 1999 (82) | Southern California | NA | PM10, NO2 | NA | Asthma, bronchitis, cough, wheeze | 1.54 OR of wheeze for boys with exposure to NO2 |
Brauer et al. 2007 (67) | Netherlands | Highways and streets | PM2.5, NO2, soot | Modeled exposure | Asthma, allergy, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms | Strongest association was with food allergies |
Visser et al. 2004 (91) | Amsterdam | > 10,000 veh/d | NA | NA | Cancer | Multiple associations |
Vineis et al. 2006 (87) | 10 Eurpoean countries | NA | PM10, NO2, SO2 | NA | Cancer | 1.46 OR near heavy traffic, 1.30 OR for high exposure to NO2 |
Gauderman et al. 2007 (73) | Southern California | NA | PM10, NO2 | Continuousd | Lung Function | Decreased FEV for those living near freeway |