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Table 2 Sample of typically used values for PM-related health impacts (mean estimates) ($2000 PPP-adjusted [197])

From: Ancillary human health benefits of improved air quality resulting from climate change mitigation

Health Effects

US

EU

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

Mortality:

  

1,042

 

1,296,552 (premature death) [198]

VSL: Adults

6,300,000

2,247,191

3,480,000

1,439,394

1,717,241 (1,724,138) [198]

VSL: Children

2 × adult

4088764 (infant)

   

VSLY

 

134,831

 

70,455

118,621

Morbidity:

   

1929.55 (average cost/separation) [199]

 

Morbidity: children

2 × adults

    

Chronic bronchitis

340,000

213,483

   

Chronic asthma

39,000

    

Respiratory hospital admission

14,000

2,247

1,032

 

2,069

CVD hospital admission

21,000

2,247

1,052

 

2,759

Emergency room visit

300 (asthma)

 

541 (respiratory) 562 (CVD)

  

Doctor's visit

 

60

   

RAD

106

92 (working age) 78 (young, elderly)

22

 

53

MRAD

50

43

   

Acute respiratory symptom

3–24

    

Use of respiratory medication

 

1.12

   

Asthma day

32–74

43

15

  

References:

[54]

[127]

[200]

[128]*

[129]

  1. Note: *: VSL derived from population-weighted values in the Australian Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics (BTRE) assessment, Table 3 [128]. Population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistic.