Table 1 Characteristics of study cities
From: An ecological time-series study of heat-related mortality in three European cities
Budapest | London | Milan | |
|---|---|---|---|
Study period | 1993–2001 | 1993–2003 | 1999–2004 |
Population | 1698106 | 7517700 | 1305808 |
Latitude | 47°30'N | 51°30'N | 45°27'N |
Average summer (June-Aug) temperature, °C | 21.3 | 18.1 | 23.0 |
Heat cut-point. 95th percentile daily mean temperature, °C | 24.4 | 20.4 | 26.3 |
Particulate concentrations, μg/m3 Mean (5th to 95th percentile) | TSP: 57.0 (26.0 – 104.5) | PM10: 32.9 (18.5–60.5) | PM10: 58 (19–137) |
8 hr Ozone concentration, μg/m3 Mean (5th to 95th percentile) | 73.3 (26.0 – 132.5) | 21.8 (5.5 – 46.0) | 74 (9 – 173) |
Daily number deaths Mean (5th to 95th percentile) | 75 (56 – 97) | 171 (134 – 223) | 30 (19 – 43) |
Age at death (years), % | |||
0–14 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1 |
15–64 | 26.2 | 18.3 | 14 |
65–74 | 23.6 | 19.6 | 20 |
75–84 | 29.3 | 31.6 | 31 |
85+ | 20.1 | 28.3 | 34 |
Cause of death, % | |||
CVD | 49.2 | 38.5 | 37 |
Respiratory | 3.3 | 17.4 | 8 |
External | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4 |