| Birth weight | Small for gestational Age | Preterm birth | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model covariates | Change (in grams) | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Socio-demographic indicators | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mother's education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Low (≤ 12 years) | -8.5 | -12.8, -4.2 | 1.18 | 1.14, 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.06, 1.15 |
   High (13–15 years) | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
   College or postgraduate (≥ 16 years) | 6.0 | 2.0, 10.0 | 1.05 | 1.02, 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.01, 1.09 |
Mother's race | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   White | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
   African-American | -113.1 | -119.7, -106.4 | * |  | 1.06 | 1.00, 1.11 |
   Asian | -192.2 | -198.6, -185.8 |  |  | 0.77 | 0.73, 0.82 |
   Hispanic | -77.7 | -83.3, -72.1 |  |  | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.07 |
APNCU | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Inadequate | -53.2 | -59.0, -47.4 | 1.26 | 1.21, 1.31 | 4.52 | 4.25, 4.81 |
   Intermediate | -39.0 | -44.6, -33.3 | 1.12 | 1.08, 1.17 | 1.91 | 1.76, 2.08 |
   Appropriate | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
   Appropriate plus | -11.0 | -14.4, -7.5 | 0.98 | 0.96, 1.01 | 9.05 | 8.67, 9.45 |
Median household income†| 6.8 | 4.3, 9.3 | 0.93 | 0.92, 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.98, 1.01 |
Measures of traffic and land use †|  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative traffic density | -0.4 | -2.0, 1.3 | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.01 |
Distance to major highways (meters) | 3.8 | 1.9, 5.7 | 0.99 | 0.97, 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.01 |
% land use for recreation and conservation (open space) | 4.4 | 2.1, 6.6 | 0.98 | 0.97, 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97, 1.00 |