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Table 1 Details on some HBM survey programs

From: Translating biomonitoring data into risk management and policy implementation options for a European Network on Human Biomonitoring

 

# Compounds

Time frame

Number of participantsa

CDC [30]

116

1999–2000

7970

 

148

2001–2002

8945

GerES [15, 74]

17

1985–1986

2731

 

25

1990–1992

3966

 

32

1998

4645

 

61b

2003–2006

1244

FLEHS

6–9c

2002–2005

4300

ESBIOad [32]

4

2008–2010

6480

  1. a The number of constituents may vary per compound. Numbers are given for cadmium as a proxy, because Cd measurements are easy and cheap and generally are measured in all participating constituents
  2. bThe human biomonitoring program of the last GerES (GerES IV) included:
  3. Lead, cadmium, mercury in blood
  4. HCB, 3HCHs, DDE, PCB 138, 153, 180, 28, 52, 101 in blood
  5. Nickel, mercury, arsenic, uranium, nicotine, cotinine, 6 metabolites of organophosphates, PCP and 9 other chlorophenols, 5 PAH metabolites, 5 pyrethroid metabolites in urine.
  6. In addition:
  7. 11 phthalate matabolites in urine
  8. Bisphenol A in urine
  9. Three additional PAH (like tetrol)
  10. All in all 61 substances for human biomonitoring.
  11. More substances in the additional programs on indoor air (VOC), dust (flame retardants), drinking water and biological indoor contamination (personal communication Becker and Kolossa, 2008)
  12. c Depending on the age group considered
  13. d The ESBIO program is a proposed program according to Action 3 of the Environment and Health Action plan 2004–2010