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Table 1 Distribution (%) of Selected Characteristics of Cases and Controls

From: Spatial analysis of bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancer on upper Cape Cod: an application of generalized additive models to case-control data

 

Bladder Cancer

Kidney Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

Characteristic

Cases

(n = 62)

Controls

(n = 885)

Cases

(n = 35)

Controls

(n = 803)

Cases

(n = 37)

Controls

(n = 651)

Gender

      

   Male

72.6

52.5

62.9

48.6

35.1

38.2

   Female

27.4

47.5

37.1

51.4

64.9

61.8

Race

      

   White

98.4

96.4

94.3

96.8

97.3

96.9

   Other

1.6

3.6

5.7

3.2

2.7

3.1

Age at diagnosis or index year (y)

      

   1–49

0.0

1.5

2.9

1.2

0.0

0.0

   50–59

9.7

9.7

8.6

7.0

5.4

2.2

   60–69

40.3

39.6

28.6

42.3

13.5

33.0

   70–79

37.1

34.4

51.4

40.7

59.5

46.2

   80+

12.9

14.8

8.5

8.8

21.6

18.6

Education level (y)

      

   Less than 12

31.0

19.2

20.6

17.3

13.9

19.7

   12

25.9

32.4

32.4

34.6

33.3

37.1

   13–15

13.8

24.6

20.6

25.9

22.2

21.4

   16 or more

29.3

23.8

26.5

22.2

30.6

21.8

Ever regular cigarette smokera

88.7

66.3

74.3

66.7

51.4

35.0

Ever regular alcohol drinkera

----b

----b

----b

----b

73.0

83.3

Ever exposed occupationally to solventsc

33.9

25.8

25.7

25.2

8.1

21.2

History of urinary tract infection or stone

64.5

27.9

54.3

28.8

----b

----b

Prior medical treatment with radiation

19.4

13.1

11.4

13.4

83.8

14.1

Alive at interview

66.1

56.0

51.4

60.4

5.4

35.0

  1. a Cigarette smoking was modeled as a categorical variable for usual number of cigarettes smoked. Alcohol was modeled as a dichotomous variable for heavy drinker.
  2. b Not a risk factor for this cancer type.
  3. c Based on answers to direct questions regarding exposure to solvents and degreasers, benzene, and paint thinners.