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Table 2 Profiling of heavy metals in meconium (ng/g dry weight) of nested case–control group a

From: A nested case-control study indicating heavy metal residues in meconium associate with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus risk

Metal

 

Case (n = 137)

Control (n = 190)

p b

As

Detected Number (ratio)

137 (100.00%)

190 (100.00%)

<0.001**

Median

49.75

37.78

IQR

32.51-82.42

23.98-64.56

Mean

60.81

45.15

SD

37.19

28.71

Hg

Detected Number (ratio)

137 (100.00%)

190 (100.00%)

0.001**

Median

34.40

28.66

IQR

25.62-47.36

20.42-40.30

Mean

41.27

37.56

SD

27.09

54.34

Pb

Detected Number (ratio)

123 (89.78%)

185 (97.37%)

0.534

Median

146.90

135.68

IQR

49.96-389.10

75.61-216.54

Mean

283.96

195.55

SD

393.04

216.32

Cr

Detected Number (ratio)

76 (55.47%)

133 (70.00%)

<0.001**

Median

56.43

25.96

IQR

18.19-116.45

10.13-53.33

Mean

91.75

47.99

SD

105.69

66.54

Cd

Detected Number (ratio)

137 (100.00%)

87 (45.79%)

<0.001**

Median

9.41

4.10

IQR

5.59-15.23

1.47-11.32

Mean

18.55

10.00

SD

35.44

17.48

  1. aMissing values of Pb were imputed by 1/2 LOD while missing values of Cr and Cd were excluded from statistics.
  2. IQR: Inter-quartile range, 25%-75%.
  3. bp value was obtained by non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test.
  4. ** indicates p < 0.01.