Characteristic | Mothers | Fathers |
---|---|---|
Age (years): mean ± SD†| 29.8 ± 3.7 | 31.5 ± 4.6 |
Body mass index (kg/m2): mean ± SD†| 26.4 ± 6.6 | 28.9 ± 4.7 |
Race/Ethnicity: n (%) | Â | Â |
 Non-Hispanic White | 194 (84.0) | 197 (84.9) |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 2 (0.9) | 4 (1.7) |
 Hispanic | 20 (8.7) | 20 (8.6) |
 Other | 15 (6.4) | 11 (4.8) |
Education: n (%) | Â | Â |
 < High school | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
 High school | 9 (3.9) | 5 (2.2) |
 College | 222 (96.1) | 224 (97.8) |
Smoking status: n (%)†|  |  |
 Active (cotinine ≥ 100 ng/ml) | 11 (4.7) | 24 (10.3) |
 Passive (cotinine < 100 ng/ml) | 222 (95.3) | 209 (89.7) |
Alcohol use: n (%)†|  |  |
 No | 52 (22.3) | 31 (13.3) |
 Yes | 181 (77.7) | 201 (86.7) |
History of diabetes: n (%) | Â | Â |
 No | 232 (99.6) | 232 (99.6) |
 Yes | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
History of hypertension: n (%) | Â | Â |
 No | 226 (97.0) | 213 (91.8) |
 Yes | 7 (3.0) | 19 (8.2) |
History of chronic infections: n (%) | Â | Â |
 No | 232 (99.6) | 232 (99.6) |
 Yes | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |