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Table 4 Crude and adjusted odds ratios of case and control urine samples at the hospital admission timepoint (without urinary creatinine adjustment)*

From: Arsenic exposure is associated with pediatric pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: a case control study

Hospital Admission Time point

All pneumonia cases (severe and very severe)

Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)

Case urine samples (N = 153)

Control urine samples (N = 296)

Crude OR

95 % CI

Adjusted OR

95 % CI

 

No.

%

No.

%

    

 0–5.9

23

15 %

85

29 %

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

 6.0–16.9

37

24 %

77

26 %

1.78

0.97, 3.25

2.38

1.25, 4.53

 17.0–50.9

43

28 %

69

23 %

2.30

1.27, 4.19

3.77

1.88, 7.56

 Greater or equal to 51.0

50

33 %

65

22 %

2.84

1.58, 5.13

4.72

2.30, 9.67

Only severe pneumonia cases (sensitivity analysis)

Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)

Case urine samples (N = 153)

Control urine samples (N = 296)

Crude OR

95 % CI

Adjusted OR

95 % CI

 

No.

%

No.

%

    

 0–5.9

17

13 %

85

29 %

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

 6.0–16.9

35

26 %

77

26 %

2.27

1.18, 4.38

2.87

1.44, 5.72

 17.0–50.9

38

28 %

69

23 %

2.75

1.43, 5.30

4.10

1.95, 8.63

 Greater or equal to 51.0

45

33 %

65

22 %

3.46

1.82, 6.60

5.28

2.47, 11.26

  1. *Odds ratio were adjusted for weight for height (z-score less than −2 SDs and z-score greater or equal to −2 SDs), breastfeeding in the prior week (exclusive, mixed, none), paternal education, age, and number of people living in the household (log transformed)