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Table 3 Performance and validation of the final models

From: Air pollution modelling for birth cohorts: a time-space regression model

Area

Evaluation

Pearson r

R2

RMSE

Log (μg/m3)

μg/m3

Log (μg/m3)

μg/m3

μg/m3

Rural

Model

0.79

0.78

0.63

0.61

5.86

Internal cross-validation

0.80

0.78

0.63

0.61

5.86

External validation

0.77

0.82

0.58

0.68

3.21

Urban

Model

0.74

0.67

0.54

0.45

6.96

Internal cross-validation

0.74

0.67

0.54

0.45

6.96

External validation

0.82

0.83

0.67

0.69

3.35

  1. Internal cross-validation was based on ten-fold cross-validation, and external validation used the study dataset. We compared measured and predicted values on the log scale, on which the models were developed, and as concentrations by exponentiating the predictions. The root mean square errors (RMSE) are derived from the comparison of NO2 concentrations only