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Table 3 Characteristics of study participants

From: The Home Observation of Periconceptional Exposures (HOPE) study, a prospective cohort: aims, design, recruitment and compliance

 

All participants (n = 366)

Male (n = 183)

Female (n = 183)

mean ± SD, or n (%)

mean ± SD, or n (%)

mean ± SD, or n(%)

Agea

27.7 ± 4.0

28.5 ± 3.8

27.1 ± 3.6

  < 25

69 (18.9)

22 (12.0)

46 (25.1)

 25–35

276 (75.4)

145 (79.2)

131 (71.6)

  > 35

9 (2.5)

9 (4.9)

0

 Missing

12 (3.3)

7 (3.8)

6 (3.3)

BMIb

26.1 ± 5.6

27.2 ± 5.8

24.9 ± 5.0

  < 18.5

9 (2.5)

2 (1.1)

7 (3.8)

 18.5–24.9

178 (48.6)

71 (38.8)

107 (58.5)

 25.0–29.9

104 (28.4)

64 (34.9)

40 (21.9)

  ≥ 30

74 (20.2)

45 (24.6)

29 (15.8)

 Missing

1 (0.3)

1 (0.6)

0

Race

 Caucasian

318 (86.9)

156 (85.3)

162 (88.5)

 Other/Multiracialc

40 (10.9)

23 (12.6)

17 (9.3)

 Missing

8 (2.2)

4 (2.2)

4 (2.2)

Hispanic

 Yes

23 (6.3)

12 (6.6)

11 (6.0)

 No

334 (91.3)

166 (90.7)

168 (91.8)

 Missing

9 (2.5)

5 (2.7)

4 (2.2)

Annual Incomed

  < $20,000

44 (12.0)

-

-

 $20,000–$39,000

109 (29.8)

-

-

 $40,000–$74,999

131 (35.8)

-

-

 $75,000–$99,000

39 (10.7)

-

-

  ≥ $100,000

26 (7.1)

-

-

 Missing

17 (4.6)

-

-

Employment

 Employed for wages

230 (62.8)

113 (61.8)

117 (63.9)

 Self-employed

13 (3.6)

6 (3.3)

7 (3.8)

 Homemaker

29 (7.9)

1 (0.6)

28 (15.3)

 Student

77 (21.0)

54 (29.5)

23 (12.6)

 Unemployed/Othere

7 (1.9)

4 (2.2)

3 (1.6)

 Missing

10 (2.7)

5 (2.7)

5 (2.7)

Education

 High School/GED

16 (4.4)

10 (5.5)

6 (3.3)

 Some college (1–3 years)

119 (32.5)

68 (37.2)

51 (27.9)

 College (>4 years, graduate)

221 (60.4)

100 (54.6)

121 (66.1)

 Missing

10 (2.7)

5 (2.7)

5 (2.7)

Smoking

 Never

325 (88.8)

156 (85.3)

169 (92.4)

 Former

21 (5.7)

16 (8.7)

5 (2.7)

 Current

6 (1.6)

5 (2.7)

1 (0.5)

 Missing

14 (3.8)

6 (3.3)

8 (4.4)

  1. Abbreviations: SD (standard deviation), BMI (body mass index)
  2. aAge in years
  3. bBody Mass Index: weight (kg)/height (m)2 (measured at enrollment)
  4. cIncludes Asian, Black/African American, Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native
  5. dUS Dollars, combined household income for both partners
  6. eIncludes out of work, retired, unable to work