From: Adverse weather conditions and fatal motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1994-2012
Phase | Host | Agent | Social environment | Physical environment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Event | Severe weather driving experience and training | Specific adverse weather equipment affecting performance and thus energy transfer (e.g., tire chains) | Transportation infrastructure (e.g., road network) preparedness for adverse weather. Adverse-weather speed limits | Weather-resilient signage. Road surface preparation (e.g., salt). Road and bridge design (e.g., drainage capacity) |
Event | Ability to perform emergency and evasive maneuvers | Stopping distance. Anti-lock brakes. Vehicle performance characteristics. Safe airbag deployment | Â | Collision barriers |
Post-Event | Capacity to withstand adverse environmental and injury exposures | Vehicle crash notification system | Transportation planning and traffic flow management to facilitate emergency medical and safety response | Emergency medical service arrival and transport time. Feasibility of air transport |