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Table 1 Characteristics of children and concentrations of metals in urine

From: The physiological determinants of low-level urine cadmium: an assessment in a cross-sectional study among schoolchildren

 

Girls

Boys

P-value

Na

111

138

 

Age (years)

5.83 (5.5–6.0)

5.75 (5.42–5.92)

0.07

BMI (kg/m2)

15.4 (14.6–17.0)

15.8 (15.1–17.0)

0.49

U-Creat (g/L)

0.64 (0.43–0.91)

0.73 (0.57–0.90)

0.02

U-SG

1.021 (1.016–1.025)

1.023 (1.020–1.025)

0.01

U-Cd

 μg/L

0.22 (0.16–0.31)

0.24 (0.18–0.30)

0.12

 μg/g creatinine

0.35 (0.27–0.47)

0.33 (0.26–0.45)

0.43

 μg/L adjusted for SG

0.23 (0.19–0.31)

0.22 (0.17–0.29)

0.49

U-Zn

 μg/L

330 (178–475)

347 (222–481)

0.09

 μg/g creatinine

502 (348–686)

470 (350–657)

0.96

 μg/L adjusted for SG

339 (229–472)

317 (235–427)

0.87

U-Pba

 μg/L

0.92 (0.54–1.49)

1.08 (0.72–1.66)

0.03

 μg/g creatinine

1.42 (1.04–2.00)

1.60 (1.11–2.18)

0.29

 μg/L adjusted for SG

0.95 (0.65–1.51)

1.03 (0.78–1.57)

0.28

  1. aGirls, n = 110; boys, n = 138. Values are median (interquartile range)