The physiological determinants of low-level urine cadmium: an assessment in a cross-sectional study among schoolchildren

Table 3 Pearson’s correlation coefficient between metals and proteins in urine and their potential predictors when analytes were (A) adjusted on the basis of urinary creatinine (A) or of specific gravity (B)

	Age	BMI	U-Cr	U-SG	U-Cd	U-Zn	U-Pb	U-RBP	U-Alb	U-A1M	U-CC16	U-β₂m
(A)
Age	1.00
BMI	0.10	1.00
U-Cr	0.07	0.07	1.00
U-SG	0.07	0.07	0.84*	1.00
U-Cd	0.12	−0.01	−0.34*	−0.16^#	1.00
U-Zn	0.01	−0.08	−0.07	0.02	0.28*	1.00
U-Pb	−0.04	0.08	−0.04	0.05	0.14^$	0.14^$	1.00
U-RBP	−0.06	−0.09	−0.06	−0.05	0.12	0.10	0.05	1.00
U-Alb	−0.03	−0.03	−0.12	−0.22*	−0.10	−0.09	−0.10	0.17	1.00
U-A1M	−0.10	−0.04	−0.18^#	−0.10	0.18^#	0.02	0.10	0.41*	−0.07	1.00
U-CC16	0.03	−0.05	−0.24^#	−0.19^$	0.17^$	0.02	0.08	0.37*	−0.04	0.58*	1.00
U-β₂m	−0.14^$	−0.11	−0.16^$	−0.09	0.10	0.05	0.03	0.42*	0.02	0.55*	0.30*	1.00
(B)
Age	1.00
BMI	0.10	1.00
U-Cr	0.07	0.07	1.00
U-SG	0.07	0.07	0.84*	1.00
U-Cd	0.16^$	0.02	0.15^$	0.01	1.00
U-Zn	0.03	−0.05	0.29*	0.15^$	0.30*	1.00
U-Pb	−0.01	0.10	0.27*	0.15^$	0.16^$	0.21*	1.00
U-RBP	−0.03	−0.06	0.29*	0.08	0.17^#	0.22^#	0.15^$	1.00
U-Alb	−0.02	−0.02	0.03	−0.16^$	−0.01	0.02	−0.001	0.26*	1.00
U-A1M	−0.08	−0.03	0.09	−0.003	0.14^$	0.05	0.12	0.43*	−0.01	1.00
U-CC16	0.05	−0.05	−0.08	−0.14	0.11	0.001	0.07	0.34*	−0.04	0.57*	1.00
U-β₂-m	−0.13^$	−0.11	0.09	0.01	0.05	0.08	0.06	0.43*	0.08	0.54*	0.28*	1.00

For the units of biomarkers, see Tables 1 and 2. All parameters except age were log transformed. ^$< 0.05 ^#< 0.01 *< 0.001

ISSN: 1476-069X