Table 1 Participant characteristics by study visit
| Â | Visit One | Visit Two | Visit Three | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | Mean (s) or % | N | Mean (s) or % | N | Mean (s) or % |
SBP (mmHg) | 731 | 134.6 (18.8) | 600 | 136.8 (19.2) | 423 | 135.0 (18.4) |
DBP (mmHg) | 730 | 80.9 (10.6) | 600 | 80.4 (10.6) | 423 | 75.4 (10.4) |
PP (mmHg) | 730 | 53.7 (14.6) | 600 | 56.4 (15.8) | 423 | 59.7 (16.3) |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 727 | 6.25 (9.02) | 576 | 6.48 (11.04) | 387 | 7.04 (9.49) |
Age | 754 | 57.1 (7.4) | 605 | 59.2 (7.5) | 431 | 63.1 (7.3) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 747 | 31.7 (6.3) | 585 | 31.6 (6.5) | 395 | 31.0 (6.7) |
HDL (mg/dL) | 737 | 44.2 (12.3) | 594 | 46.5 (12.6) | 395 | 47.3 (15.7) |
LDL (mg/dL) | 721 | 107.5 (35.5) | 585 | 109.7 (35.5) | 392 | 105.5 (35.1) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 737 | 164 (114) | 594 | 154 (93) | 395 | 146 (109) |
Physical activity score | 751 | 31.8 (5.0) | 603 | 31.3 (4.5) | 429 | 31.7 (6.2) |
Perceived stress | 751 | 22.9 (9.6) | 603 | 22.5 (9.0) | 424 | 28.2 (7.2) |
Distance from nearest interstate highway (m)a | 754 | 1800 (1120) | 605 | 1770 (1100) | 409 | 1710 (1070) |
Distance from nearest major road (m)b | 754 | 240 (230) | 605 | 240 (230) | 409 | 250 (240) |
Inhalation rate (L/h) | 747 | 580 (220) | 588 | 560 (200) | 395 | 570 (230) |
Female (%) | 515 | 68.3 | 428 | 70.7 | 307 | 71.6 |
>8th grade education (%) | 396 | 52.9 | 314 | 52.1 | 216 | 50.6 |
Household income < 120% poverty line (%) | 504 | 71.3 | 427 | 75.2 | 291 | 77.6 |
Current smoker (%) | 178 | 23.7 | 133 | 22.0 | 78 | 18.8 |
Former smoker (%) | 240 | 31.9 | 199 | 33.0 | 158 | 38.1 |