Number of Cases | Number of Controls | Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariablea Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
All Central Nervous System Defects (N = 268) | ||||
Any Exposure | 183 | 523 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
No Exposure | 85 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 13 | 32 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 170 | 491 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
0 (Referent) | 85 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.64 | |||
All Neural Tube Defects (N = 151) | ||||
Any Exposure | 100 | 523 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
No Exposure | 51 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 11 | 32 | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 89 | 491 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
0 (Referent) | 51 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.33 | |||
Anencephaly (N = 82) | ||||
Any Exposure | 54 | 523 | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) |
No Exposure | 28 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 5 | 32 | 1.4 (0.5–3.8) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 49 | 491 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
0 (Referent) | 28 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.86 | |||
Spina bifida with and without hydrocephalus (N = 69) | ||||
Any Exposure | 46 | 523 | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) |
No Exposure | 23 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 6 | 32 | 2.0 (0.8–5.3) | 2.0 (0.8–5.4) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 40 | 491 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) |
0 (Referent) | 23 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.16 | |||
Other CNS Defects (N = 117) | ||||
Any Exposure | 83 | 523 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
No Exposure | 34 | 248 | 1.0 (−------) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 2 | 32 | ------b | ------b |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 81 | 491 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
0 (Referent) | 34 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | N/A | |||
All Oral Clefts (N = 112) | ||||
Any Exposure | 81 | 523 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
No Exposure | 31 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (> 40μg/L) | 6 | 32 | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | 2.2 (0.8–6.0) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 75 | 491 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
0 (Referent) | 31 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.13 | |||
Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate (N = 59) | ||||
Any Exposure | 44 | 523 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 2.1 (1.1–4.0 |
No Exposure | 15 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 5 | 32 | 2.6 (0.9–7.6) | 3.8 (1.2–12.3) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 39 | 491 | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 1.9 (1.0–3.8) |
0 (Referent) | 15 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.02 | |||
Cleft Palate Alone (N = 53) | ||||
Any Exposure | 37 | 523 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) |
No Exposure | 16 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 1 | 32 | ------b | ------b |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 36 | 491 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) |
0 (Referent) | 16 | 248 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | N/A | |||
Hypospadias (N = 94)c | ||||
Any Exposure | 58 | 266 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) |
No Exposure | 36 | 142 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
Exposure Categorized by 1980 Action Level | ||||
> 1.136 g (>40μg/L) | 3 | 11 | 1.1 (0.3–4.1) | 2.1 (0.5–8.3) |
> 0- < =1.136 g | 55 | 255 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) |
0 (Referent) | 36 | 142 | 1.0 (−-----) | |
P value for trend | 0.31 |