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Table 5 Relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ASD and Non-TD (versus TD) in relation to phthalate metabolite concentrations (μg/L) during mid- to late pregnancy among boys and girls

From: Prenatal exposure to phthalates and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study

 

Girls (n = 79; TD = 46, ASD = 13, Non-TD = 20)

Boys (n = 122; TD = 54, ASD = 33, Non-TD = 35)

P-value for interaction c

RRR a

95% CI

RRR a

95% CI

ASD versus TD

MEP

0.58

(0.26, 1.29)

1.46

(0.89, 2.37)

0.01

MiBP

0.75

(0.22, 2.48)

0.48

(0.22, 1.02)

0.33

MHiBP

0.71

(0.20, 2.52)

0.52

(0.24, 1.10)

0.48

MBP

1.08

(0.27, 4.16)

0.82

(0.37, 1.80)

0.79

MHBP

0.84

(0.18, 3.80)

0.96

(0.41, 2.19)

0.97

MBzP

0.59

(0.27, 1.27)

1.01

(0.57, 1.77)

0.27

MCPP

0.74

(0.38, 1.42)

0.86

(0.47, 1.57)

0.67

MCOP

0.82

(0.47, 1.41)

0.84

(0.50, 1.38)

0.78

MCNP

0.76

(0.41, 1.39)

1.28

(0.63, 2.58)

0.17

ΣDEHP b

1.18

(0.28, 5.01)

0.85

(0.43, 1.63)

0.36

Non-TD versus TD

MEP

1.08

(0.57, 2.02)

1.54

(1.01, 2.35)*

0.25

MiBP

1.43

(0.68, 2.96)

1.02

(0.52, 2.00)

0.49

MHiBP

1.81

(0.74, 4.39)

0.90

(0.45, 1.78)

0.30

MBP

1.39

(0.59, 3.23)

1.59

(0.76, 3.33)

0.92

MHBP

1.20

(0.41, 3.47)

1.54

(0.77, 3.07)

0.62

MBzP

0.86

(0.47, 1.58)

1.75

(1.06, 2.88)*

0.15

MCPP

1.26

(0.63, 2.49)

1.99

(1.04, 3.77)*

0.18

MCOP

1.28

(0.69, 2.35)

1.37

(0.81, 2.30)

0.86

MCNP

1.10

(0.67, 1.78)

1.85

(1.09, 3.13)*

0.15

ΣDEHP b

1.16

(0.54, 2.46)

1.87

(1.02, 3.41)*

0.13

  1. aAdjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, year of birth (linear and squared terms), and homeownership
  2. bDue to high correlations among DEHP metabolites (r = 0.84–0.99), the molar sum of DEHP metabolites was only examined (ΣDEHP, μmol/L)
  3. cP-value for interaction from the separate regression models
  4. *p-value < 0.05
  5. Note: MNP was excluded from this table because approximately 50% of samples had detectable concentrations. See Table 2 for abbreviations
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X