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Table 3 Odds ratios for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with cord blood concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances

From: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

 

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Preeclampsia

Gestational hypertension

aOR (95% CI)

PFOA

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

0.85 (0.38–1.88)

2.23 (0.67–7.44)

0.33 (0.10–1.11)

 T3

0.96 (0.44–2.10)

1.41 (0.38–5.14)

0.77 (0.30–2.01)

 bStandardized

1.02 (0.73–1.44)

1.12 (0.68–1.84)

0.95 (0.61–1.48)

PFOS

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

0.55 (0.24–1.25)

0.59 (0.19–1.87)

0.54 (0.17–1.66)

 T3

0.82 (0.39–1.72)

0.70 (0.23–2.08)

0.95 (0.36–2.49)

 bStandardized

0.85 (0.62–1.17)

0.83 (0.52–1.32)

0.87 (0.57–1.34)

PFUA

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

1.29 (0.62–2.68)

0.89 (0.31–2.52)

1.75 (0.65–4.70)

 T3

0.64 (0.27–1.52)

0.51 (0.15–1.76)

0.81 (0.25–2.66)

 bStandardized

0.82 (0.61–1.10)

0.82 (0.55–1.23)

0.84 (0.58–1.22)

PFDA

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

1.23 (0.58–2.59)

1.16 (0.38–3.53)

1.26 (0.48–3.31)

 T3

0.78 (0.34–1.80)

1.00 (0.31–3.19)

0.63 (0.20–2.00)

 bStandardized

0.85 (0.63–1.14)

0.94 (0.60–1.46)

0.79 (0.55–1.15)

PFDoA

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

0.92 (0.44–1.93)

1.25 (0.43–3.59)

0.71 (0.26–1.91)

 T3

0.53 (0.23–1.22)

0.60 (0.17–2.14)

0.50 (0.17–1.50)

 bStandardized

0.74 (0.55–1.00)

0.83 (0.54–1.29)

0.70 (0.47–1.03)

PFNA

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

0.38 (0.15–0.94)

0.28 (0.06–1.37)

0.47 (0.16–1.41)

 T3

0.87 (0.43–1.79)

1.40 (0.51–3.83)

0.56 (0.20–1.41)

 bStandardized

0.86 (0.62–1.19)

1.10 (0.33–3.71)

0.74 (0.48–1.15)

PFHxS

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

0.93 (0.44–1.99)

1.10 (0.36–3.38)

0.83 (0.31–2.22)

 T3

0.59 (0.26–1.34)

0.80 (0.25–2.60)

0.48 (0.16–1.43)

 bStandardized

0.77 (0.54–1.09)

0.81 (0.49–1.33)

0.75 (0.47–1.19)

PFBS

 T1

1

1

1

 T2

1.0 (0.40–2.47)

2.08 (0.51–8.50)

0.55 (0.16–1.92)

 T3

2.21 (1.00–4.88)

3.41 (0.91–12.7)

1.57 (0.59–4.17)

 bStandardized

1.53 (1.04–2.25)

1.69 (0.98–2.90)

1.36 (0.82–2.25)

  1. Abbreviations: T1 tertile 1, T2 tertile 2, T3 tertile 3
  2. aAdjusting for age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, and parity
  3. bStandardized: PFAS concentration was subtracted by mean and then divided by its standard deviation