Environmental Health

Table 3 Mediation analysis with the aft model, data from 4304 subjects

From: Smoking-induced risk of future cardiovascular disease is partly mediated by cadmium in tobacco: Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort Study

Aimed event	Smoking status	Direct effect¹		Indirect effect¹		Total effect¹		PM²
Aimed event	Smoking status	estimate	95% CI³	estimate	95% CI³	estimate	95% CI³	PM²
Acute coronary event	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	1.00	0.85, 1.19	1.00	0.99, 1.00	1.00	0.85, 1.19
	Recent former smoker	0.83	0.64, 1.09	0.99	0.96, 1.02	0.83	0.63, 1.08	5%
	Current smoker	0.75^a	0.60, 0.94	0.96	0.84, 1.09	0.72^a	0.60, 0.86	12%
Major adverse coronary event	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.93	0.79, 1.09	1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.92	0.79, 1.08
	Recent former smoker	0.85	0.66, 1.10	0.96^a	0.93, 0.99	0.82	0.63, 1.06	21%
	Current smoker	0.86	0.70, 1.07	0.85^a	0.75, 0.96	0.73^a	0.62, 0.87	48%
Stroke	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	1.17	0.95, 1.43	1.00	0.99, 1.00	1.16	0.95, 1.43
	Recent former smoker	0.89	0.65, 1.21	0.98	0.94, 1.02	0.87	0.64, 1.18	15%
	Current smoker	0.81	0.63, 1.06	0.93	0.79, 1.08	0.75^a	0.61, 0.92	25%
Cardiovascular mortality	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.98	0.94, 1.02	1.00	1.00, 1.00	0.98	0.94, 1.02
	Recent former smoker	0.97	0.9, 1.05	1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.97	0.90, 1.04	0%
	Current smoker	0.90^a	0.85, 0.95	0.99	0.95, 1.02	0.89^a	0.85, 0.93	8%
All-cause mortality	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.98	0.95, 1.01	1.00	1.00, 1.00	0.98	0.95, 1.00
	Recent former smoker	0.95	0.91, 1.00	0.99	0.99, 1.00	0.95^a	0.91, 0.99	20%
	Current smoker	0.88^a	0.85, 0.91	0.97^a	0.96, 0.99	0.86^a	0.84, 0.88	20%

¹The effects are presented as fold change of survival time; ²PM: proportion mediated (presented for recent former smokers and current smokers); ³95% CI: 95% confidence interval; 4) ^adenotes P < 0.05

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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