Low concentrations of fine particle air pollution and mortality in the Canadian Community Health Survey cohort

Table 4 Examination of effect modification for non-accidental mortality^a for the cohort through Cox proportional hazards models and Cochrane’s Q

		95% CI
	HR	Lower	Upper
Full cohort^b	1.11	1.04	1.18
Sex
Male	1.13	1.03	1.23
Female	1.09	0.99	1.19
Pooled HR	1.11	1.04	1.18
Age
Under 65	1.14	1.01	1.29
65–74	1.13	1.01	1.27
75 or over	1.04	0.94	1.16
Pooled HR	1.10	1.03	1.17
Immigrant status
Non-immigrants	1.14	1.07	1.23
Immigrants^b	0.98	0.83	1.16
Pooled HR	1.12	1.05	1.19
Educational attainment
No high school	1.08	0.98	1.19
High school graduate	1.14	1.04	1.24
Pooled HR	1.11	1.04	1.19
Fruit and vegetable consumption (servings per day)
Less than five	1.10	1.01	1.20
Five or more	1.16	1.04	1.30
Pooled HR	1.12	1.05	1.20
Alcohol consumption
Never or former drinker	1.01*	0.90	1.12
Occasional or regular drinker	1.18*	1.09	1.28
Pooled HR	1.12	1.05	1.19
Smoking behaviours
Never or former smoker	1.11	1.03	1.20
Daily or occasional smoker	1.13	0.99	1.27
Pooled HR	1.12	1.05	1.19
Oxidant capacity^c
Low O_X	0.92*	0.81	1.04
High O_X	1.16*	1.07	1.26
Pooled HR	1.08	1.01	1.16

^adue to a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 concentration
^bexcludes immigrants who have been living in Canada for fewer than ten years
^cabove or below the median value of Oxidant Capacity of all person-years (26.19 ppb)
^*Cochrane’s Q p<0.05

ISSN: 1476-069X