Table 1 Some physicochemical properties and work conditions of nanomaterials handled in these 13 factories
Factory number | Type of nanomaterial handling | Nanomaterial handled | Major nanomaterial handled | Size (nm) | Amount handled (mg/time) | Duration of handling (hour/time) | Frequency of handling (times/week) | Type of nanomaterials handled | Total population | Control group | Exposed group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Use | Nano-silver | Nano-silver | Unknown | 20 | 5 | 5 | LS | 9 | 0 | 9 |
2 | Use | Fe2O3 | Fe2O3 | 6-10 | 5000 | 2 | 1 | LS | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Nano-gold | 3-40 | 19 | 0.1 | 1 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
Nano-silver | 5-10 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 1 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
Mfg | Fe2O3 | Fe2O3 | 6-10 | 5000 | 0.2 | 8 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |
Nano-gold | 3-40 | 10 | 0.25 | 8 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
Nano-silver | 5-10 | 21 | 0.1 | 8 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
3 | Use | Titanium dioxide | Titanium dioxide | 15-20 | 10000 | 2.5 | 2.5 | Powder and LS | 35 | 10 | 25 |
Mfg | Titanium dioxide | Titanium dioxide | 15-20 | 1000000 | 1 | 8 | Powder and LS | Â | Â | Â | |
4 | Use | Nano-silver | Nano-silver | Commercial secret | Commercial secret | 3 | 7 | LS | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Mfg | Nano-silver | Nano-silver | Commercial secret | Commercial secret | 7 | 3 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |
5 | Use | Titanium dioxide | Titanium dioxide | 20 | 50000 | 4 | 1 | LS | 7 | 3 | 4 |
6 | Use | Silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | 10 | 50000 | 1 | 1 | LS | 14 | 5 | 9 |
Nano-silver | 100 | 50 | 1 | 1 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
7 | Use | Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotube | 40 | 100 | 1 | 1 | Powder and LS | 10 | 1 | 9 |
Silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | 100 | 50000 | 1 | 1 | Powder | Â | Â | Â | ||
8 | Use | Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotube | 0.5 | Commercial secret | Commercial secret | Commercial secret | LS | 29 | 10 | 19 |
9 | Use | Silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | 12-17 | 300 | 0.2 | 4 | Powder | 27 | 11 | 16 |
10 | Mfg | Silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | 160 | 2500 | 5 | 1 | LS | 26 | 11 | 15 |
Silicon dioxide | 100-200 | 60000 | 5 | 8 | Colloid | Â | Â | Â | |||
11 | Use | Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotube | 110 | 5000 | 0.5 | 4.5 | Powder, LS, and gel | 43 | 25 | 18 |
Mfg | Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotube | 110 | 4000000 | 4 | 12 | Powder and LS | Â | Â | Â | |
12 | Use | Carbon nanotube | Carbon nanotube | 100 | >20 | 1 | 3.5 | Powder | 34 | 7 | 27 |
Nano-silver | >100 | >40 | 1 | 3.5 | LS | Â | Â | Â | |||
13 | Use | Titanium dioxide | Titanium dioxide | Unknown | 5 | 6 | 0.33 | LS | 14 | 4 | 10 |