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Table 5 Effects of confounder adjustment on linear associations between time-weighted average air pollution (10 years before index date) and risk of intracranial CNS tumors, Denmark 1989–2014

From: Intracranial tumors of the central nervous system and air pollution – a nationwide case-control study from Denmark

Air pollutant

IQR (μg/m3)

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

OR pr IQR

95%CI

OR pr IQR

95%CI

OR pr IQR

95%CI

Intracranial CNS tumors(Cases: 21055 Controls: 37356)

 NOx

18.86

1.020

(1.004–1.036)

1.025

(1.009–1.041)

1.011

(0.992–1.030)

 NO2

10.78

1.041

(1.017–1.066)

1.052

(1.027–1.077)

1.031

(0.997–1.066)

 BC

0.39

1.025

(1.008–1.042)

1.030

(1.013–1.048)

1.016

(0.996–1.037)

 PM2.5

5.39

1.042

(0.981–1.107)

1.053

(0.991–1.119)

1.010

(0.944–1.080)

 O3

9.72

0.957

(0.934–0.981)

0.948

(0.924–0.972)

0.967

(0.934–1.002)

Malignant(Cases: 9785 Controls: 17397)

 NOx

18.86

1.025

(1.001–1.049)

1.035

(1.011–1.060)

1.026

(0.998–1.056)

 NO2

10.78

1.033

(0.999–1.069)

1.051

(1.015–1.089)

1.042

(0.992–1.095)

 BC

0.39

1.030

(1.006–1.056)

1.040

(1.015–1.066)

1.034

(1.005–1.065)

 PM2.5

5.39

1.022

(0.936–1.116)

1.041

(0.953–1.138)

1.021

(0.926–1.126)

 O3

9.72

0.968

(0.934–1.003)

0.952

(0.918–0.987)

0.962

(0.913–1.012)

Non-malignant(Cases: 11270 Controls: 19968)

 NOx

18.86

1.015

(0.993–1.037)

1.017

(0.995–1.039)

0.998

(0.972–1.025)

 NO2

10.78

1.048

(1.015–1.982)

1.054

(1.020–1.089)

1.022

(0.976–1.070)

 BC

0.39

1.020

(0.997–1.044)

1.022

(0.998–1.046)

1.000

(0.972–1.028)

 PM2.5

5.39

1.061

(0.977–1.153)

1.065

(0.980–1.158)

1.000

(0.912–1.096)

 O3

9.72

0.948

(0.917–0.980)

0.943

(0.911–0.975)

0.972

(0.926–1.021)

Glioma(Cases: 7465 Controls: 13091)

 NOx

18.86

1.021

(0.994–1.050)

1.034

(1.005–1.063)

1.017

(0.983–1.052)

 NO2

10.78

1.031

(0.990–1.073)

1.052

(1.010–1.096)

1.026

(0.969–1.087)

 BC

0.39

1.029

(1.000–1.059)

1.041

(1.011–1.071)

1.028

(0.993–1.063)

 PM2.5

5.39

0.964

(0.868–1.069)

0.984

(0.886–1.093)

0.938

(0.836–1.053)

 O3

9.72

0.968

(0.929–1.009)

0.949

(0.909–0.990)

0.973

(0.916–1.033)

Meningioma(Cases: 5657 Controls: 10094)

 NOx

18.86

1.046

(1.014–1.078)

1.044

(1.012–1.077)

1.009

(0.972–1.047)

 NO2

10.78

1.133

(1.083–1.185)

1.132

(1.082–1.185)

1.083

(1.016–1.154)

 BC

0.39

1.058

(1.024–1.093)

1.056

(1.022–1.092)

1.016

(0.977–1.057)

 PM2.5

5.39

1.211

(1.076–1.363)

1.202

(1.067–1.354)

1.088

(0.955–1.239)

 O3

9.72

0.878

(0.837–0.920)

0.878

(0.836–0.921)

0.923

(0.862–0.988)

Cranial Nerves(Cases: 2470 Controls: 4311)

 NOx

18.86

0.953

(0.903–1.005)

0.960

(0.909–1.014)

0.970

(0.908–1.036)

 NO2

10.78

0.940

(0.873–1.011)

0.945

(0.877–1.019)

0.952

(0.858–1.058)

 BC

0.39

0.941

(0.889–0.996)

0.946

(0.893–1.002)

0.943

(0.879–1.011)

 PM2.5

5.39

0.966

(0.799–1.168)

0.969

(0.799–1.175)

0.963

(0.776–1.194)

 O3

9.72

1.057

(0.979–1.141)

1.054

(0.975–1.141)

1.046

(0.936–1.169)

Malignant Non-glioma tumors of brain proper(Cases: 2301 Controls: 4247)

 NOx

18.86

1.034

(0.991–1.080)

1.038

(0.994–1.084)

1.049

(0.996–1.106)

 NO2

10.78

1.036

(0.969–1.107)

1.047

(0.978–1.120)

1.084

(0.983–1.194)

 BC

0.39

1.035

(0.989–1.082)

1.038

(0.992–1.086)

1.051

(0.996–1.110)

 PM2.5

5.39

1.179

(0.998–1.393)

1.191

(1.007–1.409)

1.267

(1.053–1.524)

O3

9.72

0.975

(0.910–1.045)

0.965

(0.899–1.035)

0.937

(0.846–1.037)

Non-malignant Non-glioma tumors of brain proper(Cases: 3162 Controls: 5622)

 NOx

18.86

1.001

(0.964–1.040)

1.007

(0.969–1.047)

0.995

(0.950–1.042)

 NO2

10.78

0.990

(0.933–1.049)

1.005

(0.947–1.067)

0.969

(0.890–1.054)

 BC

0.39

1.006

(0.996–1.047)

1.013

(0.972–1.055)

1.003

(0.956–1.053)

 PM2.5

5.39

0.920

(0.792–1.068)

0.947

(0.815–1.101)

0.897

(0.759–1.060)

 O3

9.72

1.000

(0.941–1.064)

0.982

(0.923–1.046)

0.994

(0.920–1.073)

  1. aCrude model, adjusted for age, sex and month of birth by matching
  2. bModel 1 with additional adjustment individual level data on marital status, occupational status, personal income, region of origin
  3. cModel 2 with additional adjustment for area level information on % of parish population with income in lowest quartile, unemployed, manual labor, retired, basic education, living in social housing, owning their own dwelling, single parent families, previously convicted, of Danish origin
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X