Table 1 Physical/Metabolic Characteristics and Ambient air Pollutant Exposure Averages of 203 Participants by Pubertal Status
|  | All (n = 203) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%) | Pre- Puberty (n = 85) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%) | Puberty (n = 101) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%) | Post-Puberty (n = 17) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%) | ANOVA P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical/Metabolic Characteristics | |||||
 Age (years) | 11.1 (1.7) | 10.0 (1.4)a | 11.7 (1.4)b | 13.2 (0.6)c | < 0.0001 |
 Sex (n Female, % Female) | 116 (56%) | 62 (73%) | 50 (50%) | 4 (24%) | < 0.0001q |
 Weight (kg) | 64.0 (19.7) | 54.4 (15.7)a | 68.4 (19.0)b | 84.7 (17.6)c | < 0.0001 |
 Height (cm) | 148.7 (11.5) | 141.3 (9.5)a | 152.3 (9.6)b | 162.7 (8.5)c | < 0.0001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 (5.5) | 26.7 (5.0)a | 29.0 (5.7)b, c | 31.8 (4.8)b, c | < 0.0001 |
 BMI z-score | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.4) | 0.89 |
 Percent Body Fat (%) | 38.4 (6.6) | 38.8 (5.7) | 38.5 (7.1) | 36.6 (7.7) | 0.27 |
 Morning Serum Cortisol (mg/dL) | 9.3 (3.2) | 9.3 (2.9) | 9.5 (3.4) | 8.5 (3.2) | 0.75 |
Average 12-Month Exposures | |||||
 NO2 (ppb) | 32.8 (6.9) | 33.3 (6.6) | 32.5 (7.4) | 31.8 (4.8) | 0.51 |
 O3 8-Hour Maximum (ppb) | 37.4 (13.6) | 36.2 (14.2) | 38.0 (13.6) | 39.4 (10.5) | 0.79 |
 O3 24-Hour (ppb) | 20.9 (8.1) | 20.3 (8.5) | 21.2 (8.2) | 21.7 (5.7) | 0.6 |
 PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 23.0 (6.2) | 23.9 (6.9) | 22.3 (5.7) | 22.3 (6.1) | 0.24 |