Table 1 Characteristics of TGCT cases and controls (group A and group B), N = 578, case-control study, France, 2015–2018
TGCT cases (N = 304) | Group A controls (N = 145) | Group B controls (N = 129) | |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Prenatal Characteristics | |||
Maternal use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy | |||
No | 296 (97.4) | 142 (97.9) | 129 (100.0) |
Yes | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Missing | 7 (2.3) | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||
No | 252 (82.9) | 122 (84.1) | 110 (85.3) |
Yes | 52 (17.1) | 23 (15.9) | 19 (14.7) |
Maternal age (years), mean ± SD | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 27.8 ± 4.6 |
Paternal age (years), mean ± SD | 29.8 ± 4.8 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 30.2 ± 5.4 |
Missing | 169 (55.6) | 80 (55.2) | 62 (48.1) |
Perinatal Characteristics | |||
Inguinal hernia | |||
No | 263 (86.5) | 128 (88.3) | 117 (90.7) |
Yes | 23 (7.6) | 8 (5.5) | 7 (5.4) |
Missing | 18 (5.9) | 9 (6.2) | 5 (3.9) |
Birth weight | |||
< 2500 g | 19 (6.3) | 8 (5.5) | 6 (4.7) |
[2500–4000[g | 250 (82.2) | 122 (84.1) | 106 (82.2) |
> =4000 g | 30 (9.9) | 15 (10.3) | 16 (12.4) |
Missing | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
Gestational age | |||
< =36 weeks | 27 (8.9) | 10 (6.9) | 8 (6.2) |
> 36 weeks | 270 (88.8) | 134 (92.4) | 120 (93.0) |
Missing | 7 (2.3) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) |
Birth order | |||
First | 123 (40.5) | 61 (42.1) | 62 (48.1) |
Second | 101 (33.2) | 49 (33.8) | 41 (31.8) |
Third | 49 (16.1) | 23 (15.9) | 15 (11.6) |
Fourth and more | 31 (10.2) | 12 (8.3) | 11 (8.5) |
Sibship size | |||
1 | 21 (6.9) | 23 (15.9) | 14 (10.9) |
2 | 148 (48.7) | 48 (33.1) | 55 (42.6) |
3 | 96 (31.6) | 48 (33.1) | 40 (31.0) |
> =4 | 39 (12.8) | 26 (17.9) | 20 (15.5) |
Birth from multiple pregnancy | |||
No | 276 (90.8) | 134 (92.4) | 122 (94.6) |
Yes | 10 (3.3) | 2 (1.4) | 3 (2.3) |
Missing | 18 (5.9) | 9 (6.2) | 4 (3.1) |
Birth cohort | |||
1970–1980 | 89 (29.3) | 47 (32.4) | 34 (26.4) |
1981–1990 | 162 (53.3) | 88 (60.7) | 88 (68.2) |
1991–2000 | 53 (17.4) | 10 (6.9) | 7 (5.4) |
Predisposing Characteristics | |||
Geographic origin | |||
French by birth | 284 (93.4) | 136 (93.8) | 123 (95.3) |
French by acquisition | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) |
Missing | 18 (5.9) | 9 (6.2) | 4 (3.1) |
Family history of TGCT | |||
No | 260 (85.5) | 131 (90.3) | 119 (92.2) |
Yes | 25 (8.2) | 5 (3.4) | 6 (4.7) |
Missing | 19 (6.3) | 9 (6.2) | 4 (3.1) |
Family history of cryptorchidism | |||
No | 264 (86.8) | 131 (90.3) | 122 (94.6) |
Yes | 19 (6.3) | 4 (2.8) | 3 (2.3) |
Missing | 21 (6.9) | 10 (6.9) | 4 (3.1) |
Parental Socio-Economic Status | |||
Maternal job at birth (ISCO-1968 codes) | |||
Not working at time of birth | 111 (36.5) | 61 (42.1) | 48 (37.2) |
Professional, Technical and Related Workers (0/1) | 57 (18.8) | 28 (19.3) | 34 (26.4) |
Administrative and Managerial Workers (2) | 9 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.9) |
Clerical and Related Workers (3) | 61 (20.1) | 26 (17.9) | 23 (17.8) |
Sales Workers (4) | 14 (4.6) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (3.9) |
Service Workers (5) | 27 (8.9) | 14 (9.7) | 10 (7.8) |
Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Workers, Fishermen and Hunters (6) | 8 (2.6) | 4 (2.8) | 1 (0.8) |
Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Labourers (7/8/9) | 17 (5.6) | 11 (7.6) | 3 (2.3) |
Maternal job at birth’s industry (NAF-1999 codes) | |||
Not working at time of birth | 111 (36.5) | 61 (42.1) | 48 (37.2) |
Agriculture,hunting and forestry (A) | 11 (3.6) | 4 (2.8) | 1 (0.8) |
Mining and quarrying (C) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Manufacturing (D) | 27 (8.9) | 15 (10.3) | 10 (7.8) |
Electricity,gas and water supply (E) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Construction (F) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
Wholesale and retail trade;repair of motor vehicles,motorcycles and personal and household goods (G) | 16 (5.3) | 4 (2.8) | 10 (7.8) |
Hotels and restaurants (H) | 3 (1.0) | 3 (2.1) | 1 (0.8) |
Transport,storage and communication (I) | 10 (3.3) | 3 (2.1) | 6 (4.7) |
Financial intermediation (J) | 12 (3.9) | 4 (2.8) | 6 (4.7) |
Real estate,renting and business activities (K) | 12 (3.9) | 2 (1.4) | 5 (3.9) |
Public administration and defence;compulsory social security (L) | 14 (4.6) | 12 (8.3) | 4 (3.1) |
Education (M) | 30 (9.9) | 11 (7.6) | 14 (10.9) |
Health and social work (N) | 46 (15.1) | 20 (13.8) | 21 (16.3) |
Other community,social and personal service acitivities (O) | 10 (3.3) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.6) |
Private houeholds with employed persons (P) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Paternal job at birth (ISCO-1968 codes) | |||
Not working at time of birth | 42 (13.8) | 20 (13.8) | 11 (8.5) |
Professional, Technical and Related Workers (0/1) | 65 (21.4) | 39 (26.9) | 51 (39.5) |
Administrative and Managerial Workers (2) | 24 (7.9) | 4 (2.8) | 12 (9.3) |
Clerical and Related Workers (3) | 24 (7.9) | 14 (9.7) | 12 (9.3) |
Sales Workers (4) | 13 (4.3) | 6 (4.1) | 8 (6.2) |
Service Workers (5) | 24 (7.9) | 5 (3.4) | 6 (4.7) |
Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Workers, Fishermen and Hunters (6) | 21 (6.9) | 11 (7.6) | 2 (1.6) |
Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Labourers (7/8/9) | 89 (29.3) | 46 (31.7) | 27 (20.9) |
Military | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Paternal job at birth’s industry (NAF-1999 codes) | |||
Not working at time of birth | 42 (13.8) | 20 (13.8) | 11 (8.5) |
Agriculture,hunting and forestry (A) | 25 (8.2) | 11 (7.6) | 3 (2.3) |
Manufacturing (D) | 55 (18.1) | 30 (20.7) | 25 (19.4) |
Electricity,gas and water supply (E) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.3) |
Construction (F) | 28 (9.2) | 12 (8.3) | 10 (7.8) |
Wholesale and retail trade;repair of motor vehicles,motorcycles and personal and household goods (G) | 21 (6.9) | 10 (6.9) | 12 (9.3) |
Hotels and restaurants (H) | 7 (2.3) | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.6) |
Transport,storage and communication (I) | 28 (9.2) | 15 (10.3) | 12 (9.3) |
Financial intermediation (J) | 12 (3.9) | 3 (2.1) | 5 (3.9) |
Real estate,renting and business activities (K) | 21 (6.9) | 10 (6.9) | 11 (8.5) |
Public administration and defence;compulsory social security (L) | 30 (9.9) | 12 (8.3) | 9 (7.0) |
Education (M) | 16 (5.3) | 12 (8.3) | 12 (9.3) |
Health and social work (N) | 13 (4.3) | 4 (2.8) | 9 (7.0) |
Other community,social and personal service acitivities (O) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (3.1) |
Extra-territorial organizations and bodies (Q) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
Maternal education | |||
Baccalaureate’s degree or less | 192 (63.2) | 83 (57.2) | 59 (45.7) |
Graduate studies | 84 (27.6) | 35 (24.1) | 52 (40.3) |
Other | 28 (9.2) | 26 (17.9) | 18 (14.0) |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Parental incomes at birth | |||
0 to less than 5000€ | 63 (20.7) | 42 (29.0) | 35 (27.1) |
5000 to less than 10,000€ | 55 (18.1) | 22 (15.2) | 18 (14.0) |
10,000 to less than 20,000€ | 41 (13.5) | 22 (15.2) | 16 (12.4) |
20,000 to less than 30,000€ | 21 (6.9) | 5 (3.4) | 13 (10.1) |
30,000€ and more | 24 (7.9) | 5 (3.4) | 5 (3.9) |
Missing | 100 (32.9) | 49 (33.8) | 42 (32.6) |
Residential Characteristics | |||
Urban status of the place of birth,commune level | |||
No | 73 (24.0) | 36 (24.8) | 27 (20.9) |
Yes | 231 (76.0) | 109 (75.2) | 102 (79.1) |
Presence of crops in 500 m buffer around place of birth | |||
No | 76 (25.0) | 39 (26.9) | 38 (29.5) |
Yes | 223 (73.4) | 104 (71.7) | 90 (69.8) |
Missing | 5 (1.6) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (0.8) |
Possession of a garden | |||
No | 153 (50.3) | 76 (52.4) | 64 (49.6) |
Yes | 151 (49.7) | 69 (47.6) | 65 (50.4) |
Possession of a vegetable garden | |||
No | 223 (73.4) | 97 (66.9) | 88 (68.2) |
Yes | 81 (26.6) | 48 (33.1) | 41 (31.8) |
Possession of an orchard | |||
No | 261 (85.9) | 127 (87.6) | 110 (85.3) |
Yes | 43 (14.1) | 18 (12.4) | 19 (14.7) |
Gardening activities during the spring/summer seasons | |||
No | 230 (75.7) | 102 (70.3) | 92 (71.3) |
Yes | 74 (24.3) | 42 (29.0) | 37 (28.7) |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Possession of pets | |||
No | 69 (22.7) | 32 (22.1) | 29 (22.5) |
Yes | 235 (77.3) | 113 (77.9) | 100 (77.5) |
Possession of indoor plants | |||
No | 178 (58.6) | 81 (55.9) | 78 (60.5) |
Yes | 126 (41.4) | 64 (44.1) | 51 (39.5) |