Glyphosate exposure in early pregnancy and reduced fetal growth: a prospective observational study of high-risk pregnancies

Table 4 Relationship between first trimester glyphosate (GLY) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission

Characteristic	Group	Dependent Variable = NICU Admit
		Independent Variable = GLY
		Slope ± SE	OR (95% CI)	p-value
All (Unadjusted)	-	0.188 ± 0.103	1.21 (0.99, 1.38)	0.069
All (Adjusted) ^a	-	0.145 ± 0.130	1.16 (0.90, 1.67)	0.233
Tobacco Use	No	0.260 ± 0.155	1.30 (0.96, 1.62)	0.093
Tobacco Use	Yes	0.039 ± 0.152	1.04 (0.77, 3.42)	0.800
Alcohol Use ^b	No	0.247 ± 0.115	1.28 (1.02, 1.37)	0.032
Alcohol Use ^b	Yes	-0.204 ± 0.327	0.82 (0.43, 1.99)	0.533
Opioid, THC, or Polysubstance Use ^b	No	0.323 ± 0.152	1.38 (1.03, 1.51)	0.034
Opioid, THC, or Polysubstance Use ^b	Yes	0.038 ± 0.145	1.04 (0.78, 3.35)	0.795
High Stress	No	0.248 ± 0.128	1.28 (1.00, 1.46)	0.053
High Stress	Yes	0.030 ± 0.184	1.03 (0.72, 4.62)	0.872
Hypertensive Disorder(s) ^b	No	0.296 ± 0.125	1.34 (1.05, 1.38)	0.017
Hypertensive Disorder(s) ^b	Yes	-0.128 ± 0.220	0.89 (0.58, 2.33)	0.560
Living in Large Central Metro ^b	No	0.000 ± 0.164	1.00 (0.73, 5.78)	0.998
Living in Large Central Metro ^b	Yes	0.314 ± 0.142	1.37 (1.04, 1.46)	0.026
Infant Sex	Female	0.169 ± 0.131	1.18 (0.92, 1.69)	0.196
Infant Sex	Male	0.226 ± 0.166	1.25 (0.91, 1.78)	0.173

^a The All (adjusted) method controlled for covariates of tobacco use, alcohol use, opioid/THC or polysubstance use, high stress, hypertension, living in central metro and infant sex
^b A significant moderator with a p-value < 0.05 in the interaction term

ISSN: 1476-069X